bagaimana ionic silver menyembuhkan penyakit jamur anda...
Silver is a very effective bactericide and fungicide. The silver ion concentrations that exhibits antibacterial properties is roughly 0.1 μg/L, or 10–9 mol/L; the concentration for fungicidal activity is 1.9 μg/L (15, 16). Silver appears to have higher toxicity for bacteria than do more notorious antimicrobial metals such as mercury, copper, lead, chromium, and tin (17). Its mammalian toxicity, however, is relatively low. Human serum concentrations of up to 600 μg/L and urine concentrations of 1,100 μg/24 h have been observed with no clinical consequences (1 7). Perhaps most importantly, no mutagenic or carcinogenic activity has been reported for silver.
The mechanisms of the antimicrobial action of sil-
1. Silver ions form insoluble compounds in the cell wall with (and thereby inactivate) sulfhydryl groups, which are essential components of enzymes responsible for transmembranous energy metabolism and electrolyte transport. The result is a loss of fluids and electrolytes from the organisms, which dry out and die.
2. Silver ions block the respiratory chain of bacteria in the cytochrome oxidase and NADH-succinate- dehydroginase region.
3. Silver ions enter the cell and bind to bacterial DNA and bacterial spores. Silver can complex with electron donor groups that contain oxygen or nitrogen. Reversible binding of bases occurs without aggregation or disruption of the double helix structure of the cell nucleus. Intercalation of silver can lead to increased stability of the double helix.
4. Silver ions in low concentrations may penetrate a bacterial cell and cause structural damage to the cell envelope. Upon entering the cell, the molecule may dissociate, after which the silver binds to the DNA.
5. Metal ions, particularly silver, can also bond to phosphate groups, forming a positive dipole on
the phosphate, followed by formation of a cyclic phosphate and cleavage of these molecules at the
phosphodiester bond.
6. Silver DNA complexes occur at bases, which cause denaturation by displacing hydrogen bonds
between adjacent nitrogens of purines and pyrimidines, thereby preventing replication. Note that all these mechanisms relate to solvated silver ions, Ag+. The antibacterial properties of any metal come from its ions, which are generated from the neutral metal (1 5). In the presence of oxygen, metallic silver can be bactericidal because silver (I) oxide is soluble enough to release free silver ions (18). When dealing with metallic silver, though, it is important to note that antimicrobial activity depends on the extent of the active silver surface (19).
Even if all the silver ions in a wood treatment were to be reduced to silver metal, there would still be a great deal of surface area to provide anti-microbial protection. However, after treatment and drying, both insoluble silver salts and bound silver metal are likely to be present in significant amounts. To determine the actual proportions will take further study.
The mechanisms of the antimicrobial action of sil-
1. Silver ions form insoluble compounds in the cell wall with (and thereby inactivate) sulfhydryl groups, which are essential components of enzymes responsible for transmembranous energy metabolism and electrolyte transport. The result is a loss of fluids and electrolytes from the organisms, which dry out and die.
2. Silver ions block the respiratory chain of bacteria in the cytochrome oxidase and NADH-succinate- dehydroginase region.
3. Silver ions enter the cell and bind to bacterial DNA and bacterial spores. Silver can complex with electron donor groups that contain oxygen or nitrogen. Reversible binding of bases occurs without aggregation or disruption of the double helix structure of the cell nucleus. Intercalation of silver can lead to increased stability of the double helix.
4. Silver ions in low concentrations may penetrate a bacterial cell and cause structural damage to the cell envelope. Upon entering the cell, the molecule may dissociate, after which the silver binds to the DNA.
5. Metal ions, particularly silver, can also bond to phosphate groups, forming a positive dipole on
the phosphate, followed by formation of a cyclic phosphate and cleavage of these molecules at the
phosphodiester bond.
6. Silver DNA complexes occur at bases, which cause denaturation by displacing hydrogen bonds
between adjacent nitrogens of purines and pyrimidines, thereby preventing replication. Note that all these mechanisms relate to solvated silver ions, Ag+. The antibacterial properties of any metal come from its ions, which are generated from the neutral metal (1 5). In the presence of oxygen, metallic silver can be bactericidal because silver (I) oxide is soluble enough to release free silver ions (18). When dealing with metallic silver, though, it is important to note that antimicrobial activity depends on the extent of the active silver surface (19).
Even if all the silver ions in a wood treatment were to be reduced to silver metal, there would still be a great deal of surface area to provide anti-microbial protection. However, after treatment and drying, both insoluble silver salts and bound silver metal are likely to be present in significant amounts. To determine the actual proportions will take further study.
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